Superfund Sites in Reuse in Wisconsin
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BETTER BRITE PLATING CO. CHROME AND ZINC SHOPS
The Better Brite Plating Co. Chrome and Zinc Shops Superfund site is in De Pere, Wisconsin. It includes two separate industrial properties. Both the Chrome and Zinc Shop properties are located in a mixed residential/commercial area situated approximately a quarter mile west of the Fox River. Better Brite Plating Company operated a metals plating facility from 1978 to 1985 at the Chrome shop. The Zinc shop was active from 1968 to 1989. Poor operational and waste management practices led to spills and leaks of plating chemicals. This resulted in soil, surface water and groundwater contamination with heavy metals. The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) found chromium contamination in groundwater at both properties. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List in 1990. Cleanup included groundwater treatment, removal of chemicals and sludges, and excavation of contaminated soil, concrete and debris at both properties. After a fire, EPA removed the remains of a burned-down facility and dug up soil from under it. EPA put in clean soil covers at both properties and seeded them with grass. WDNR led cleanup activities at the site under a cooperative agreement with EPA until July 2011. WDNR then took over responsibility for operation and maintenance activities. WDNR continues to run the site’s groundwater treatment system, maintain the soil covers and monitor groundwater with EPA oversight. The city of De Pere assumed ownership of both properties in 2001. The City has no plans to sell the Better Brite properties now. The portion of the Zinc Shop that is paved with asphalt is being leased by the City for parking.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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BOERKE
The 98-acre Boerke site is in Oak Creek, Wisconsin. From the early 1910s until 1940, chemical manufacturing activities at the site resulted in the disposal of arsenic-containing waste in wetlands and soil along the lakefront. Arsenic contamination was first discovered at the site in 1985. EPA performed additional investigations and determined that the site posed a potential threat to human health and the environment, requiring cleanup. Over the next 15 years, the potentially responsible parties (PRPs), E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company (DuPont) and El Paso Energy Corporation (EPEC), led further investigations and remedial actions. EPA oversaw cleanup in 2003 and 2004. Cleanup included excavating and disposing of contaminated soil, implementing deed restrictions to limit land use and monitoring groundwater for signs of contamination. EPA considered the site’s remedy complete in 2009. The PRPs and city of Oak Creek applied for the Voluntary Party Liability Exemption (VPLE) program through the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR). WDNR set a stricter cleanup level at the site in 2011 which led to additional cleanup on-site, including in-place stabilization of remaining contaminants and building a clean soil cap. After cleanup completed in 2014, WDNR issued a Certificate of Completion under the VPLE program, making reuse possible. The City of Oak Creek acquired the property with plans to redevelop the lakefront. The Boerke site is part of a larger redevelopment project called Lake Vista, the city’s initiative to provide access to Lake Michigan in a former industrial area of Oak Creek. The city built a roadway, public park and playground, bluff-top viewing area of Lake Michigan and a walking trail to nearby Bender Park on-site. In 2021, the city partnered with F Street to develop multi-family housing on-site. The housing development, Lakeshore Commons, includes retail and office spaces, single- and multi-family homes, large apartments and townhomes. F Street continues to develop on-site, and the Boerke site is in residential, commercial and recreational reuse.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
For more information:
- Superfund Site Profile Page
- In-Depth Case Study: Cleanup Fosters Broader Lakefront Revitalization in Wisconsin
DELAVAN MUNICIPAL WELL #4
The 70-acre Delavan Municipal Well #4 Superfund site is in Delavan, Wisconsin. It includes the contaminated aquifer used by Delavan Municipal Well #4 and the source area of contamination, an industrial facility property. In 1980, sampling found contamination in the groundwater. The city of Delavan removed the well from its municipal water supply system in 1982. Investigations by the city and EPA identified a former solvent disposal dump as the likely source of contamination. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1984. Led by the state, cleanup included putting in soil vapor and groundwater extraction systems at the site’s source areas and limiting use of the site and groundwater. Groundwater treatment and operation and maintenance activities are ongoing. As a result of cleanup, the city is once again able to use Delavan Municipal Well #4 as a source of municipal water. A commercial water works equipment supplier is active on-site.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 345 people and generated an estimated $98,007,600 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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EAU CLAIRE MUNICIPAL WELL FIELD
The Eau Claire Municipal Well Field Superfund site is in Eau Claire, Wisconsin. Beginning in 1966, National Presto Industries, Inc. put industrial wastewater in dry wells and lagoons in a nearby upgradient area. Improper storage practices contaminated soil and groundwater. In the 1980s, routine groundwater sampling by the state of Wisconsin found chemicals in the municipal water supply. EPA found that the nearby National Presto Industries Superfund site was the source of the contamination. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1984. It consists of 16 municipal groundwater wells in two well fields. These well fields provide drinking water to about 60,000 residential and commercial users. Cleanup was addressed by the potentially responsible parties, EPA and the state. It included providing an alternate water source to affected homes and treating contaminated groundwater. After cleanup, EPA took the site off the NPL in 2014.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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FOX RIVER NRDA/PCB RELEASES
The 1,669-acre Fox River NRDA/PCB Releases site is in Green Bay, Wisconsin. From 1954 to 1971, paper mill operations contaminated sediments across a 39-mile stretch of the Fox River and Green Bay with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Investigations started in 1989. EPA proposed listing the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1998 and then deferred the listing, pending the cooperation of the potentially responsible parties. EPA and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources oversee cleanup activities. Cleanup included dredging river sediments and capping some contamination in-place. Dredging and capping finished in 2020. Settlement funds supported projects to build fishing piers, trails and a boat launch. Cleanup also included ecological restoration work along parts of the Fox River. This work included restoration of wild rice areas on the Menominee Indian Reservation, restoration of the Cat Island Chain, wetland and stream restoration, and fishery improvements to increase populations of native fish. Fish consumption advisories, first issued in 1976, are still in effect.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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KOHLER CO. LANDFILL
The 82-acre Kohler Co. Landfill Superfund site is in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin. From 1950 to 1975, operators disposed of foundry and manufacturing wastes in on-site pits. Improper waste disposal resulted in the contamination of groundwater, surface water and sediments. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1984. Cleanup activities included landfill capping, groundwater and landfill wastewater collection, and zoning and access restrictions. The city of Sheboygan’s water treatment facility treats contaminated groundwater and landfill wastewater. It then discharges clean water. Part of the landfill still accepts non-hazardous industrial waste from the Kohler Company’s manufacturing facilities. A staging area for waste products, including pottery cull and foundry sand, is also on-site. Wastes are shipped off-site for reuse.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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LAUER I SANITARY LANDFILL
The 58-acre Lauer I Sanitary Landfill Superfund site is in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin. It is also known as the Boundary Road Landfill. From 1954 to 1971, the landfill accepted municipal and industrial wastes. In 1971, the property owner, Waste Management of Wisconsin, Inc. (WMWI), closed and capped the landfill. Shortly afterward, state inspectors found leaking passageways between the landfill liquid (leachate) collection pond and a ditch that drains into the Menomonee River. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1984. From 1996 to 1998, WMWI improved the landfill cap and methane collection system. The company also collected leachate and sent wastewater to a treatment plant. The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) and EPA work together to monitor wells and ensure the remedy’s long-term protectiveness by improving groundwater, leachate and landfill gas monitoring. WMWI integrated an asphalt-paved parking lot for garbage vehicles as part of the landfill cover. The company continues to operate a refuse collection operation on-site. In 2021, WDNR approved a WMWI proposal to build a new landfill called the Orchard Ridge RDF Eastern Expansion-Southern Unit (EESU), which includes the site footprint. As part of this expansion, site soils and wastes will be relocated to the Orchard Ridge RDF landfill (ORL) directly west and the ORL Eastern Expansion to the north of the site. After the expansion’s Plan of Operation is approved, landfill construction will take about six to eight years.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 50 people and generated an estimated $824,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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MADISON METROPOLITAN SEWERAGE DISTRICT LAGOONS
The 183-acre Madison Metropolitan Sewerage District Lagoons Superfund site is in the town of Blooming Grove, Wisconsin. Lagoon 1 covers about 52 acres. Lagoon 2 covers about 86 acres. They are next to the town’s municipal wastewater treatment plant. The Madison Metropolitan Sewerage District (MMSD) runs the plant. In 1970, part of the north dike of Lagoon 2 collapsed. About 85 million gallons of its contents went into a nearby ditch. A Facilities Plan recommended reusing lagoon sludge by spreading it over agricultural lands. It included a sludge monitoring sampling effort. In 1982, analysis of a sludge sample from the lagoons found high levels of polychlorinated biphenyls. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1990. The area is being addressed through federal, state and potentially responsible party actions. Cleanup included placement of soil and a natural vegetative and fabric cover over the lagoons, construction of a new dike, long-term monitoring, and site access and use limitations. EPA completed remedy construction in 2001. Maintenance and monitoring activities are ongoing. Today, the site is part of the MMSD Wildlife Observation Area, which is part of the Capital Springs State Recreation Area. Site uses include a marsh restoration area, bird-watching areas and trails. Over 200 bird and waterfowl species visit the area.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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MOSS-AMERICAN CO., INC. (KERR-MCGEE OIL CO.)
The Moss-American Co., Inc. (Kerr-McGee Oil Co.) Superfund site is in the northwest part of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It includes a former wood-treating facility and 6 miles of the Little Menomonee River. The river is next to the former facility. From 1921 to 1971, the facility sent wastes into settling ponds that discharged to the Little Menomonee River. These discharges ceased when the plant diverted its process water discharge to the Milwaukee sanitary sewer system. Production ceased in 1976. In 1972 and 1973, three dredging efforts took place in the Little Menomonee River, within a mile downstream of the facility. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1984. Cleanup included treatment and disposal of contaminated soil and sediment, diversion of river flow into a new channel, and groundwater treatment. Fencing and institutional controls minimize contact with contamination. Cleanup finished in 2009. In 2017, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) dug up contaminated soil suspected to be a continuing source of on-site groundwater contamination. The soil was taken to an off-site landfill for disposal. Monitoring is ongoing. Union Pacific Railroad owns 23 acres of the site. It uses its industrially zoned property as a loading and storage area. Milwaukee County owns the remaining 65 acres at the site. This area includes part of the former wood-treating facility, parkland, a floodplain corridor, and hiking and biking trails along the Little Menomonee River.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. EPA did not have further economic details related to this business. For additional information click here.
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MURRAY MACHINERY INCORPORATED
The 138-acre Murray Machinery Incorporated Superfund site is in Stettin, Wisconsin. A foundry at the site made gray iron castings for the paper industry. From 1966 to 1988, operators put foundry wastes in a landfill at the site and stored wastewater from emission control processes on-site. In 1993, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR) found contamination in soils, surface water, sediment and groundwater. Leaking underground storage tanks also contaminated soil. Murray Machinery put in a soil vapor extraction system. In 1994, EPA removed contaminated sediments and capped parts of the landfill. DNR covered the landfill with an asphalt cap and monitored groundwater. Brownfield Investments, LLC purchased the property after cleanup. Current site uses include a wholesale distributor of roofing products.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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N.W. MAUTHE CO., INC.
The N.W. Mauthe Co., Inc. Superfund site is in Appleton, Wisconsin. Wisconsin Chromium Corporation ran a chromium electroplating facility on-site from 1960 to 1976. From 1978 to 1987, N.W. Mauthe Company electroplated zinc, cadmium, copper and silver on-site. Facility operations contaminated soil and groundwater with hazardous chemicals. Groundwater contamination spread to nearby properties. In 1982, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) received complaints of contaminated water in the area. WDNR built a drain system to temporarily collect contaminated water. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1989. The long-term remedy included building demolition, excavation and off-site treatment of soils contaminated with chromium, capping of the site with clay, installation of groundwater collection trenches, and groundwater treatment. The treatment facility discharges to the sanitary sewer system. Construction of the remedy finished in 1998. WDNR oversees long-term operation and maintenance activities for the remedy. The city of Appleton uses the site for vehicle and trailer parking and storage.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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NATIONAL PRESTO INDUSTRIES, INC.
The 320-acre National Presto Industries, Inc. Superfund site is in Eau Claire, Wisconsin. The federal government purchased the site property in the 1940s to make radar tubes and ordnance chemicals for the war effort. National Presto Industries, Inc. (NPI) acquired the property in 1947. It made household appliances, outboard motors, aircraft parts, artillery shells and other defense-related products. Beginning in 1966, workers put industrial wastewater in dry wells and lagoons. Improper storage practices contaminated soil and groundwater. EPA led investigations starting in 1984. EPA found that contamination was coming from the NPI property. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1986. As the site’s potentially responsible party, NPI led the cleanup. NPI began running a groundwater extraction system in 1987. NPI also connected affected homes to the public water supply, put in a soil vapor extraction system, and dug up and capped contaminated areas. Groundwater extraction and soil vapor extraction are ongoing. Institutional controls in place protect the remedy and prevent groundwater use. Today, site uses include NPI’s facility and medical equipment manufacturers.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA had data on 5 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 491 people and generated an estimated $153,945,391 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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NORTHERN ENGRAVING CO.
The 40-acre Northern Engraving Co. Superfund site is in Sparta, Wisconsin. It is located next to homes, businesses and the La Crosse River. Past wastewater treatment and disposal practices resulted in soil, surface water and groundwater contamination. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1984. Cleanup activities included the removal and consolidation of contaminated soil and sludge, and lagoon capping. Access to the site is restricted. Deed use restrictions are in place. After cleanup, EPA took the area off the NPL in 1997. Northern Engraving Corporation continues to make metal nameplates, dials and decorative trim for the automotive industry on-site. A long-term care office and several local government departments are also on-site.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA had data on 2 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 300 people and generated an estimated $36,300,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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NORTHWESTERN BARREL
The Northwestern Barrel site occupies 18 acres on the Lake Michigan shoreline in South Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It includes 13 acres of vacant property and a 5-acre residential area. A barrel reconditioning facility was on-site from the early 1940s to 1964. Operations included handling, washing, and refurbishing steel drums and wooden barrels. These activities contaminated soil and groundwater. EPA did not add the site to the National Priorities List (NPL). The potentially responsible parties (PRPs) led cleanup activities with EPA and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources supervision. The PRPs took away contaminated soil and waste. PRP also put drain tile depressurization systems in condominium buildings on-site. These systems collect any contaminated vapors from contaminated groundwater under the buildings and vent them away safely. These systems remain in operation. The PRPs also restored wetlands along the Lake Michigan shoreline and put erosion controls in place. The PRPs finished cleanup activities in 2012. The city of South Milwaukee owns the vacant part of the site. Residential use on the rest of the site – Marina Cliffs Condominiums – is ongoing. From June 2021 through May 2022, the PRPs collected two rounds of indoor air samples from the buildings to confirm the effectiveness of the vapor mitigation systems. After reviewing the results, in January 2023, WDNR determined that modifications to the vapor mitigation systems were needed to achieve adequate depressurization in the center of each building. Subsequently, the PRPs implemented improvements to the vapor mitigation systems. WDNR is awaiting receipt of a revised indoor air report that summarizes the improvements made to ensure the systems are performing properly.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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OMEGA HILLS NORTH LANDFILL
The 83-acre Omega Hills North Landfill Superfund site is in Germantown, Wisconsin, outside of Milwaukee. From 1977 to 1982, a state-licensed landfill was on-site. It accepted 5,000 tons of hazardous waste and 15 million gallons of liquid waste each year from over 250 Wisconsin industries. The landfill stopped accepting solid waste in 1982 and liquid waste in 1983. Improper operation of the landfill’s leachate collection system caused groundwater contamination. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1984. The landfill closed in 1989. With state oversight, the site’s owner led cleanup activities. The owner put in more underground walls and a new system to collect leachate and prevent it from entering groundwater. The owner also put in a pretreatment plant for leachate. EPA took the site off the NPL in 1996. A landfill methane-to-electricity project built in 1985 is in continued use today. It provides power from gas turbine electric generators.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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REFUSE HIDEAWAY LANDFILL
The 23-acre Refuse Hideaway Landfill Superfund site is in Middleton, Wisconsin. The landfill received commercial and industrial waste products from 1974 to 1988. Chemicals seeped out of the landfill, contaminating groundwater. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1992. The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources completed cleanup in 1998. It included improvements to the existing landfill cap, maintenance of the cap, collection systems for landfill gas and fluids, and treatment systems for properties with contaminated groundwater. Institutional controls limit land use and prevent potential exposure to contamination. The state continues to monitor and maintain the cap and monitor groundwater. A solar array at the site helps power cleanup equipment. A street improvement construction company uses an area next to the site for parking and truck and equipment storage.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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SCRAP PROCESSING CO., INC.
The 19.5-acre Scrap Processing Co., Inc. Superfund site is in Medford, Wisconsin. A scrap yard that collects cars, aluminum and other materials has been on-site since the 1940s. From 1955 to 1974 and periodically until 1981, site operations included lead reclamation from batteries. Disposal practices contaminated soil and sediment. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1984. Cleanup activities included drainage and disposal of liquid wastes from the unlined disposal pond, stabilization and removal of contaminated soil and sediment, installation and monitoring of groundwater wells, and institutional controls to restrict land and groundwater use. EPA finished cleanup activities and groundwater monitoring in 2002. Sampling results in 2002 showed that cleanup was effective. EPA took the site off the NPL in 2020. Scrapyard operations remain active on-site.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 6 people and generated an estimated $9,695,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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STOUGHTON CITY LANDFILL
The 27-acre Stoughton City Landfill is in Stoughton, Wisconsin. The city of Stoughton ran the landfill from 1952 to 1969. It accepted commercial and municipal wastes. Uniroyal, a plastics and rubber products manufacturer, put solvents, other liquid chemicals and vinyl plastic scrap in the landfill. Facility operations contaminated groundwater with hazardous chemicals. In 1984, groundwater sampling found volatile organic compounds. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1986. Cleanup took place in 1998. It included capping of the waste disposal area, excavation of some waste on the edges of the disposal area and placement of the waste under a cap. It also included fencing, land-use restrictions to prevent groundwater use and long-term monitoring. The site is in recreational use. A park and a multi-use trail are on-site.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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TOMAH ARMORY
The 10-acre Tomah Armory Superfund site is in Tomah, Wisconsin. From 1950 to 1960, Tomah city government ran an open, unlined landfill on-site. Its operations resulted in the contamination of soil and groundwater. The local government sold part of the site property to the Wisconsin Department of Military Affairs in 1968 for the construction of a Wisconsin Army National Guard armory. The armory supports activities associated with the unit’s administration, logistical support and readiness. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1987. Cleanup activities included landfill capping, land use restrictions, connections to the public water supply and groundwater monitoring. Cap maintenance is ongoing. The armory remains active on-site. Other site uses include a consulting company, a wastewater treatment plant run by the local government, a fire station, an ambulance station and a residential property. In 2016, EPA documented that all cleanup goals had been met. EPA took the site off the NPL in February 2019.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA had data on 4 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 41 people and generated an estimated $391,240 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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TOMAH FAIRGROUNDS
The 37.5-acre Tomah Fairgrounds Superfund site is in Tomah, Wisconsin. Tomah city government ran an unlined dump on site. It accepted industrial and municipal wastes from 1955 to 1960. Waste disposal methods and operations contaminated soil and groundwater. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1987. Cleanup activities include land use and groundwater restrictions. EPA took the site off the NPL in 2001. Grass now covers the full extent of the landfill as part of the vegetative landfill cover. Fairground events use it for parking. An ice rink and hockey league are also on-site.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA had data on 3 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 22 people and generated an estimated $1,624,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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WASTE RESEARCH & RECLAMATION CO.
The 9-acre Waste Research & Reclamation Co. Superfund site is in Eau Claire, Wisconsin. A roofing company was at the site from the 1970s to 1981. Waste handling practices contaminated soil, surface water and groundwater. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1984. After investigations, EPA transferred the site cleanup to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) program. EPA took the site off the NPL in 1993. Waste Research & Reclamation Co. (WRR) bought the site property in 1981. WRR continues to run a reclamation and recycling business at the site.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 83 people and generated an estimated $21,151,895 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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WAUSAU GROUND WATER CONTAMINATION
The Wausau Ground Water Contamination Superfund site is in Wausau, Wisconsin, along the banks of the Wisconsin River. It includes two areas of concern. The first area is a Marathon Electric Corporation property along the west bank of the Wisconsin River. It includes a former municipal landfill. The second area is the Wausau Chemical facility, located along the river’s east bank. These and other industrial operations contaminated soil and groundwater, including nearby production and supply wells. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1986. Cleanup activities include two soil vapor extraction systems and extraction wells and treatment systems. The remedy also includes land and groundwater use restrictions and groundwater monitoring. Operation and maintenance activities and monitoring are ongoing. Current site uses include a boat launch, an electric motor manufacturer, a water treatment plant and distribution system, and a recreation trail.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 133 people and generated an estimated $10,012,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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WPSC CAMP MARINA MGP
The 2-acre WPSC Camp Marina MGP site is in Sheboygan, Wisconsin. Wisconsin Public Service Corp. (WPSC) owned and ran a manufactured gas plant (MGP) on-site from 1872 to 1929 on the north bank of the Sheboygan River. Processes included coal carbonization and making carbureted water gas. Operations contaminated soil, groundwater and river sediment. The main contaminant of concern from MGP operations is polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In 1990, the city of Sheboygan found contamination near the shoreline of the area. EPA did not add the site to the National Priorities List (NPL). It is an NPL-caliber site. EPA addresses contamination through the Superfund Alternative Approach (SAA). Cleanup, led by WPSC and EPA, included soil treatment, removal and disposal, installing a groundwater containment system and a soil cover, and sediment cleanup. Institutional controls restrict intrusive activities that may damage the soil cover, such as digging. The city of Sheboygan owns the site property. Current site uses include a public park and a marina with a river walk. The Sheboygan River supports fishing and boating and serves as a spawning area for warm water sport fish. The Sheboygan Outboard Club is on Boat Island, near the river area of the site. The club provides seasonal boat docking.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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WPSC GREEN BAY MGP
The 14-acre WPSC Green Bay MGP site is in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The Green Bay Gas Light Company started running a manufactured gas plant (MGP) at the site in 1871. In 1922, other utility companies and the Green Bay Gas Light Company merged and formed the Wisconsin Public Service Corporation (WPSC). Facility activities turned coal and other oil-based substances into gas for heating and lighting. Facility waste included tars, sludges and light oils. It also included residues containing oily substances, chemicals and metals. These processes continued until the late 1940s, when natural gas became more readily available through pipelines. The MGP ran until 1947. Workers dismantled it in 1950. Integrys Energy Group, WPSC’s parent company, led investigations with state and federal oversight. EPA did not add the site to the National Priorities List (NPL). It is an NPL-caliber site. EPA addresses it through the Superfund Alternative Approach (SAA). The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources oversaw investigations and soil cleanup from 1984 to 2003. In 2003, EPA led a cleanup that included excavation, thermal treatment and removal of about 26,000 tons of highly contaminated soil. Additionally, between 2022 and 2023, EPA oversaw cleanup of portions of the site, which included dredging and disposal of approximately 465 tons of contaminated sediment, excavation and removal of approximately 81,000 tons of impacted soil and 407 tons of debris material, and backfilling with clean materials. Groundwater monitoring is ongoing. The former MGP property is now a paved parking lot and a vacant office building. WPSC still owns property, except for a small area owned by a nearby hotel.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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WPSC MANITOWOC MGP
The 4-acre WPSC Manitowoc MGP site is in Manitowoc, Wisconsin. Wisconsin Public Service Corporation (WPSC) owned and ran a manufactured gas plant (MGP) on-site from the late 1800s to the late 1940s. Processes included coal carbonization and carbureted water gas. Plant operations contaminated soil, river sediment and groundwater. Investigations and cleanups started in 1988, with Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources oversight. EPA did not add the site to the National Priorities List (NPL). It is an NPL-caliber site. EPA addresses it through the Superfund Alternative Approach (SAA). Cleanup includes removal and in-place treatment through stabilization of sub-surface materials, filling with clean soil, and construction of permanent covers and groundwater monitoring. Investigations for the groundwater and river parts of the site are ongoing. After reviewing findings and cleanup alternatives for the river and groundwater, EPA will select a long-term cleanup plan. WPSC continues to own the site property. Current site uses include commercial and industrial facilities and parking lots. The commercial and industrial areas include a building materials supply store, an ice machine manufacturer and a tax preparation service.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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WPSC MARINETTE MGP
The 15-acre WPSC Marinette MGP site is in Marinette, Wisconsin. A manufactured gas plant (MGP) was active on-site. The Wisconsin Public Service Corporation (WPSC) owned and ran the plant from 1910 to 1960. Processes included coal carbonization and carbureted water gas. Plant operations contaminated soil, groundwater and river sediment. EPA did not add the site to the National Priorities List (NPL). It is an NPL-caliber site. EPA addresses it through the Superfund Alternative Approach (SAA). With EPA oversight, WPSC cleaned up contaminated sediments in the Menominee River. EPA took the river off its list of Areas of Concern in 2020. The long-term cleanup plan remains to be determined for soil and groundwater. The City of Marinette owns the site property. Current site uses include the City's wastewater treatment plant and a public boat launch.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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WPSC OSHKOSH MGP
The 7.6-acre WPSC Oshkosh MGP site is in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. Wisconsin Public Service Corp. (WPSC) ran a manufactured gas plant (MGP) on-site from 1869 to 1946. Plant activities included coal carbonization and carbureted water gas production. Workers dumped coal waste in nearby ravines and ditches, or used it as fill for construction projects. The waste included cyanides, metals, solvents and oily tars. Facility activities and disposal practices contaminated soil, sediment and groundwater. EPA did not add the site to the National Priorities List (NPL). It is an NPL-caliber site. EPA addresses it through the Superfund Alternative Approach (SAA). Cleanup activities include excavation, thermal treatment and removal of contaminated soil, and placement of a clean soil cover. Other work included a barrier wall along the river and a groundwater control system to restrict the flow of contaminated groundwater. EPA approved workplans in 2016 and 2022 to investigate remaining contamination. EPA sampled sediment, groundwater, surface water and soil vapor, which identified contaminants in the Fox River among other locations on-site. As the site’s potentially responsible party, WPSC funds all cleanup activities. In 2003, the city of Oshkosh bought the site property. It is now a public park with an amphitheater and a river walk. Docking along the shoreline allows boaters to visit the park.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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WPSC STEVENS POINT
The 3-acre Wisconsin Public Service Corp. (WPSC) Stevens Point Superfund site is in Stevens Point, Wisconsin. WPSC owned and ran a manufactured gas plant at the site from the 1890s to the late 1940s. Deep soil and groundwater are contaminated with coal tar and other contaminants related to gas plant operations. Sampling found that uncovered on-site surface soil, added as part of a pre-Superfund cleanup effort, is clean. With EPA oversight, WPSC completed the cleanup in 2016. It included digging up and covering river and pond sediment, limiting site use, prohibiting groundwater use, and monitoring the natural recovery of groundwater. The 1.5-acre former gas plant area is now a vacant field. Parts of a city park, a municipal parking lot and a college parking lot are also on-site. In 2019, EPA’s Superfund Redevelopment Program began supporting a regional support project for the site. EPA staff met with staff from the city, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and WPSC to discuss the reuse potential of the site and nearby areas. Reuse planning is ongoing.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
For more information: